凋亡形态学图片

碧云天凋亡试剂盒hoechst33258染色，他们认为细胞发生凋亡时，染色质会固缩。 所以Hoechst染色时，细胞核会呈致密浓染，或呈碎块状致密浓染。

正常细胞核

刺激后有致密浓染的凋亡细胞

The image below shows human lymphoma cells treated with the chemotherapy agent camptothecin. The cells that are undergoing apoptosis appear yellow and show the characteristic membrane blebbing (bubble formation)seen in cells dying via apoptosis.

Promega公司的DeadEnd™比色法细胞凋亡检测系统能标记片断化的DNA，而这种片段化的DNA被视为是细胞凋亡的典型生化特征之一。

DeadEnd™比色法细胞凋亡检测系统是一种在组织切片与培养细胞中标记凋亡细胞核的理想方法，与此同时，还可以做形态学上的评估。本文中，将展示此种方法在细胞凋亡的原位细胞, 动物模型及多种病理学组织切片中的应用。

抗Fas单克隆抗体（50ng/ml;克隆CH-11,Oncor）诱导的Jurkat细胞的细胞凋亡。DeadEnd™比色法细胞凋亡检测系统标记Fas单克隆抗体处理过的细胞核（16小时），而未处理过的则未被染色(右下角插图)。

Apoptosis is of Greek origin meaning "falling off". The term is used in an analogy to the apparent suicide of leaves resulting in the very visible colour changes associated with the Autumn/Fall and that eventually leads to the leaves falling from the trees. Similiarly, cells go through a preordained sequence of events resulting in death and removal from the body.

Apoptosis is a regimented sequence of events, with each act being executed in a timed fashion. Its orderliness is often referred to as the "dance of death". Microscopic examination of the cell reveals that there are events occurring both externally and internally that can be listed as follows:

Externally:

Shrinkage or loss of volume of the cell

Blebbing on the surface of the cell

Externalisation of a phospholipids termed phosphatidylserine

Internally:

Condensation of cytoplasm

Breakdown in mitochondria integrity with the subsequent release of apoptosis inducing factors such as cytochrome c

Activation of caspases

Degradation of chromosomal DNA into 180-bp internuclosomal fragments

Degradation of a large number of proteins (>100) thought to be important in the cell survival and metabolism

Two human tumour cells, one normal (left) and the second (right) undergoing apoptosis following exposure to cytotoxic drugs

DeadEnd™比色法细胞凋亡检测系统实验流程：