Solid Tumor Cancer Markers and Applications to Steroid Hormone Research

Steroid hormones bind to their specific nuclear receptor protein, which are bound to their DNA receptor motifs and become activated to turn on transcription of other genes (1 ). As an important example, estrogen binds to estrogen receptors (ERs) and activates the progesterone receptor gene (2 ). Similarly, testosterone binds to its receptor and activates the prostate specific antigen gene, PSA , and others (3 ).