生命细胞相关
WordDefinitionTopicactive transportthe process by which dissolved molecules (sol
| Word | Definition | Topic |
|---|---|---|
| active transport | the process by which dissolved molecules (solutes) move across a cell membrane from a lower to a higher concentration | Life processes and cells |
| Aerobic respiration | respiration that requires oxygen | Life processes and cells |
| Anaerobic respiration | respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen | Life processes and cells |
| antibodies | proteins produced by the body's immune system that attack foreign invaders (antigens) | Life processes and cells |
| bacteria | single-celled micro-organisms, some of which are pathogenic in humans, animals and plants. Singular is bacterium | Life processes and cells |
| bivalent | Having two chromosomes - one from the male gamete and one from the female gamete. | Life processes and cells |
| cell | Basic unit of life. Unicellular organisms only have one cell. Multicellular organisms have many cells. | Life processes and cells |
| chloroplasts | microscopic structures containing chlorophyl found in green plant cells where photosynthesis takes place | Life processes and cells |
| chloroplasts | tiny bodies found in plant cells which are green because they contain chlorophyll | Life processes and cells |
| chromatid | One of two daughter strands of a replicated chromosome | Life processes and cells |
| chromatids | Two daughter strands of a replicated chromosome | Life processes and cells |
| concentration gradient | a difference in concentration between two adjacent areas. Particles will move down the concentration gradient from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. | Life processes and cells |
| cytoplasm | the living substance inside a cell (not including the nucleus) | Life processes and cells |
| dendrites | branch-like extensions of a neurone or nerve cell which receive impulses from other neurones | Life processes and cells |
| diffusion | The movement of particles (molecules or ions) from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration | Life processes and cells |
| epidermis | the outer protective layer of the skin | Life processes and cells |
| genes | basic units of genetic material that are inherited from our parents. | Life processes and cells |
| haemoglobin | the red protein found in red blood cells that transports oxygen round the body | Life processes and cells |
| ileum | the longest part of the small intestine, where food is completely digested. | Life processes and cells |
| invaginates | during cell division, the squeezing-in of the cell membrane at the equator to separate daughter nuclei | Life processes and cells |
| invagination | a stage in cell division, in which the cell membrane pushes in at the equator to separate the two daughter nuclei | Life processes and cells |
| kinetic energy | energy produced through motion | Life processes and cells |
| membrane | a very thin layer of tissue | Life processes and cells |
| microscopic | extremely small; something which can only be seen through a microscope | Life processes and cells |
| mitochondria | structures in the cytoplasm of all cells where respiration takes place. Singular is mitochondrion | Life processes and cells |
| mitosis | A type of cell division which produces daughter cells identical to the parent. | Life processes and cells |
| molecules | a collection of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. The fundamental unit of compounds | Life processes and cells |
| multicellular | having more than one cell | Life processes and cells |
| nucleus | the center of a cell where genetic information is usually stored. | Life processes and cells |
| offspring | A new human, animal or plant that is created as a result of reproduction. | Life processes and cells |
| organ | Group of tissues doing a particular job between them, eg the heart. | Life processes and cells |
| organ system | Group of organs doing a particular job between them, eg the circulatory system. | Life processes and cells |
| organelle | Microscopic structure which does a particular job in a cell, eg the nucleus | Life processes and cells |
| organism | a living being - plant, animal, fungus or bacterium. | Life processes and cells |
| osmosis | the movement of water molecules across a semi permeable membrane down a concentration gradient | Life processes and cells |
| partially permeable | allowing some particles to pass through but not others | Life processes and cells |
| photosynthesis | the chemical change that occurs in the leaves of green plants that uses light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose. Oxygen is produced as a by product of photosynthesis. | Life processes and cells |
| recombinant | DNA which has been exchanged between chromosomes during meiosis - part paternal genetic material, part maternal. | Life processes and cells |
| replication | Production of an identical copy. | Life processes and cells |
| spindle fibres | Fibres produced during cell division. They contract to drag chromatids to the poles of the cell. | Life processes and cells |
| tissue | Group of cells of the same type doing a particular job, eg the blood (a liquid tissue) | Life processes and cells |
| unicellular | having only one cell | Life processes and cells |
| vacuoles | a space within the cytoplasm of plant cells that contains cell sap | Life processes and cells |
| valves | structures containing a flap or flaps to ensure one-way flow of liquid | Life processes and cells |
| villi | minute hair-like projections which cover the lining of the small intestine. They aid digestion by greatly enlarging the gut's surface area | Life processes and cells |
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