Directed Mutagenesis of Antibody Variable Domains

The ability to mutate antibodies at the genetic level is a powerful tool in the antibody engineer’s toolbox. Specific properties of these molecules, such as stability, specificity, and in some cases catalysis, can be thoroughly studied using mutagenesis techniques. Harnessed to other techniques such as affinity measurements (see Chapters 23 –25 ), catalytic assays or biophysical characterization, mutagenesis can reveal the exact atomic mechanisms involved. Mutagenesis also provides the engineer with the ability to incorporate improved functionality into the antigen-binding site.