酵母免疫荧光染色--Immunofluorescent Staining of Yeast:SDS Permeabilization Metho
Materials: 1) 1.0M KPO4 pH 6.5 : Make by mixing 33 mls of 1M K2HPO4 with67 mls of 1M KH2PO4 2) 0.1M KPO4 pH 6.5 3) 0.1M KPO4 pH 7.5: Make 500 mls by mixing 41.7 mls of 1MK2HPO4 and 8.3 mls of 1M KH2PO4 with 450 mls of ddH2O 4) 37% Formaldehyde 5) KS Buffer: 0.1 M KPO4 pH 7.5/1.2 M Sorbitol 6) Zymolyase 100T: 5 mg/ml solution in 0.1M KPO4/0.5% β-mercaptoethanol 7) β-mercaptoethanol 8) HS Buffer: 0.1 M Hepes pH 7.4/1.0 M Sorbitol 9) HS/SDS Buffer: 0.1 M Hepes pH 7.4/1.0 M Sorbitol/0.5% SDS10) 0.1 % Polylysine (MW >300,000; Sigma Cat. No. P-1524) Storedin 1ml or 10 ml aliquots at -20°C. After thawing microfugealiquot for 5 min. at 4°C before adding to slides.11) Multiwell teflon masked slides (Carlson Scientific Inc. PeotoneIL. Cat. No.100806)12) PBT Buffer: PBS with1 mg/ml BSA and 0.02% Tween 2013) PrimaryAntibodies: Affinity purified polyclonal antibodies or monoclonal antibodies from cell culture supernatant (notfrom ascites fluid). Dilutions must be determined emperically for eachprimary but common ranges are for affinity purified sera 1:10to 1:100 in PBT Buffer. For cell culture supernatants 1:1 to 1:5dilutions are normally used (if cell supernatants wereconcentrated by ammonium sulfate precipitation then 1:10 to1:50dilutions are often used). After diluting in PBT buffer spinsecondary in microfuge (at 4°C) for 5 min to pellet any debris.14) SecondaryAntibodies: Jackson Immunoresearch Laboratories makes high quality secondary antibodies which are good forboth single and double labeling experiments. We've been using:Texas Red conjugated AffiniPure Donkey Anti-Mouse IgG(Cat#715-075-141) and Fluorescein (DTAF) conjugatedAffiniPure Donkey Anti-Rabbit IgG (Cat#711-015-132). Theyare sent as freeze-dried powder which should be reconstitutedwith ddH2O according to directions and then aliquoted into 50µl/tube (marked with name of Ab and Date) and frozen on dry ice and stored in the "Secondary Antibodies" Box in the -80°CFreezer. After thawing an aliquot keep it at 4°C--it should begood for about a month. These secondary Abs work very wellfor both double and single labeling and should be used at 1:50to 1:100 dilutions each (in PBT buffer). After diluting in PBTthe solution should be microfuged for 5 min at 4°C to removeany precipitates that may have formed.15) Mounting Medium: Dissolve 10 mg of ρ-phenylenediamine(Sigma Cat. No. P-6001) in 1 ml of 1M K2HP04 in a 1.5 mleppendorf tube. Vortex vigorously for several minutes, coverwith foil, and rock on nutator for 20-30 minutes. Vortex againand microfuge for 5 min. Remove the top 800 µl to a 15 mltube. Add 7.2 ml of glycerol and mix by vortexing. Divide into500 µl aliquots and store at -80°C (in the "Secondary Ab" Box). Optional: For nuclear staining DAPI can be added to mountingmedium as follows: make a 1 mg/ml DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride) solution in water, dilute it 1:100with water and add 2.25 µl to 1 ml of mounting media.Method:1) For each strain to be examined inoculate 50 mls of YPD or SD(with the appropriate amino acid supplements). Grow overnight at25°C until culture is at a OD599 between 0.5 and 0.8. For examingunshifted cells proceed directly to Step 2. For examining sec7ts andsec6ts strains spin cells out of YPD at OD599 of 0.5-0.6 and resuspendin the same volume of YP with 0.2% Glucose and then incubate in a37°C shaking water bath for 2 hrs. Check OD599 and then cool for 5min on ice until the culture is at room temperature before fixing.2 ) Fix yeast directly in the culture by adding to each 50 mls ofculture: 5 mls of 1.0 M KPO4 pH 6.5 and 6 mls of 37% Formaldehydedirectly to the culture flask. Incubate at room temperature withgentle shaking for 30 min. Transfer an amount of cells that is equalto about 5-10 OD599 units for each culture into a 50 ml centrifugetube and spin in the Beckman table-top centrifuge for 5 min. at 2000RPM at 25°C. Aspirate off the supernatant and resuspend each pelletin 5 mls of 0.1 M KPO4 pH 6.5 and transfer to a 15 ml centrifugetube. Add 0.6 mls of formaldehyde to each tube and incubate atroom temperature for 1.5 hrs with gentle rocking.3) Harvest fixed cells by centrifuging at 2.2K RPM for 5 min. at25°C. Aspirate off supernatant and resuspend in 5 mls of 0.1 M KPO4pH 7.5 and repeat spin. Aspirate off sup. and resuspend cells in 5mls of 0.1 M KPO4/1.2 M sorbitol. Fixed cells can now be storedovernight (or for several days) at 4°C.4 ) Prepare Zymolyase solution by dissolving 2-5 mg of Zymolyasein 0.1 M KPO4 pH 7.5 to give 5 mg/ml solution. Add β-mercaptoethanol to 0.5 % (i.e. 5 µl/ml), mix by gently vortexing andlet sit at room temp. for 20-30 min to dissolve.5) Harvest fixed cells at 2.2K RPM for 5 min. Aspirate offsupernatant and resuspend in 1 ml of 0.1 M KPO4 pH 7.5/1.2 MSorbitol. Transfer cells to a 13x100 mm glass culture tube (i.e. bluecapped tubes). Add 45 µl of 5 mg/ml Zymolyase solution and 5 µl ofβ-mercaptoethanol and incubate at 30°C for 30 min with occassionalmixing by finger-flicking.6) Harvest spheroplasts at 2.2K RPM for 5 min at 25°C. Resuspendcells in 3 mls of HS Buffer and spin at 2.2K RPM. Aspirate offsupernatant and repeat wash one time.7 ) To permeabilize cells resuspend spheroplasts in 3 mls ofHS/SDS and incubate at room temperature for 5 min. Centrifuge at2.2K RPM for 5 min and resuspend cells in 3 mls of HS Buffer andspin at 2.2K RPM. Aspirate supernatant and repeat wash with HSBuffer. Resuspend cells in 1 ml of HS Buffer. Do not store the cellsfor more than a few hours at this stage.8 ) Set up an aspirator with "pulled" pasteur pipette at the endnear to where the slides are to be processed to speed up the washingprocedures. Prepare slides by adding 20 µl of 0.1% polylysine toeach well and incubate for 5-10 min. Aspirate off and wash each well3 times with one drop of ddH2O.9) Place 20 µl of spheroplasted/permeabilized cell suspension oneach well. Incubate for 5-10 min. Aspirate each well and add onedrop per well of PBT Buffer. Repeat twice and let sit while primaryAb dilutions are prepared.10) Prepare dilutions of primary antibodies in PBT and microfugebefore use. Add 20 µl of diluted primary antibody and transfer slidesto a plastic box with a moistened paper towel at the bottom.Incubate 60-90 min.11) Carefully remove slides from box to benchtop for washing. Towash slides rapidly, hold aspirating pipette in one hand and anotherpastuer pipette with a rubber bulb containing PBT Buffer in theother hand. For each well aspirate the liquid and then add one dropof PBT, aspirate add PBT, repeat this twice (leaving the well with adrop of PBT) and then move on to the next well. It is important thatthe wells do not dry out once antibodies have been added. Once allthe wells have been washed move on the next slide. Then repeatthis entire procedure twice so that each well has been washed atleast nine-times. This may seem excessive but it often dramaticallyincreases the quality of the images obtained and once you get thehang of using both hands it can be done fairly quickly.12) Wrap plastic box used for primary Ab incubations in foil so it islight tight. Place slides inside and place 20 µl of secondary antibodyin each well. Incubate for 60-90 min at room temperature.13) Wash the wells as before with a total of at least 9-10 washes ofPBT Buffer. Aspirate the wells dry after the last wash and let air dryunderneath a piece of foil (make a tent) for 10-15 min.14) Place 4 evenly spaced small drops of mounting medium inbetween the two columns of wells in the middle of the slide.Carefully place the coverslip over the slide and let mounting mediumspread. Seal the slides with nailpolish, let dry 10-15 min. Then rinseoff slides with ddH20, dry with a kimwipe and view immediately orstore in dark at -20°C.For More information and alternative methods see:"Immunoflourescence Methods for Yeast" by Pringle et.al on pg. 565in GuidetoYeastGenetics andMolecularBiology edited by Guthrie and Fink (Vol. 194 of Methods in Enzymology).