美国实验室WESTERN BLOT 方法

WESTERN BLOT PROTOCOL In a Western blot, proteins that are separated on polyacrylamide gels on the basis of size are transferred to a membrane for detection with antibodies. Preparation of Human Cell Extracts (per Yasu Itoh, 5/91) 1. Add 2 volumes of autoclaved H 2O for each volume of cell pellet. 2. Bring to 1 mM PMSF. 3. Sonicate on ice (1 sec/ml, 5 times at setting 5). Wait 30 seconds between each sonication. 4. Pellet debris in the microcentrifuge at 13,000 RPM for 5 minutes. 5. Dilute with water to OD 280 = 3.0. Store at -20°C. These stocks should be good for at least one year. Preparation of Bacterially Expressed Proteins 1. Grow a 10 ml bacterial culture to saturation with the appropriate antibiotic. If IPTG induction is needed, transfer 200 µl of the saturated culture to 10 ml of L broth with antibiotic. IPTG may be added at this time, or the cells may be grown to attain exponential growth before adding the IPTG. Add 10 - 100 µl of 1 M IPTG so that the final concentration of IPTG is from 1 - 10 mM. Induce protein synthesis for 1 - 3 hours. The final yield of protein may be affected by the concentration of IPTG, the induction time, and the bacterial concentration. 2. Centrifuge at 2,500 RPM for 15 minutes at 4°C. Discard the supernatant. 3. Dissolve the pellet in 1 ml of lysate buffer. Bring to 1 mM PMSF by adding 100 mM PMSF stock (17.42 mg/ml in methanol). This solution may be kept for 1 week at -20°C. 4. Add 50 µl of a 10 mg/ml lysozyme solution made in 0.25M Tris-HCl, pH8. Make the lysozyme solution fresh each time. Do not vortex the enzyme. Shake the cells on ice for 15 minutes. 5. Transfer the cell solution to a 4 ml Falcon tube and sonicate at setting "4" for about 10 seconds on ice. 6. Transfer this lysate to microfuge tubes and centrifuge for 15 minutes on high speed (13,000 rpm) at 4°C. 7. At this point, you will need to determine if the antigen is in the supernatant or in the pellet using a Western blot or ELISA. (In the case of the recombinant 52 kD Ro/SSA, the antigenic pellet may be stored at -20°C for about 1 month or -70°C for about 3 months.) SDS-PAGE Separating Gels (Hoeffer baby gels): 1. For 2 gels, mix in an Erlenmeyer flask in the fume hood with constant stirring under vacuum (to remove air bubbles) for 15 minutes: 6 ml lower gel buffer at room temperature (due to the SDS) 6 ml 40% acrylamide 12 ml double distilled H 20 (-- or use 7.95 ml of 30% acrylamide and 10.05 ml H 2 O--) Increase the percentage of acrylamide to analyze lower molecular weight products (less than 30 kD), but continue to use a 10% stacking gel. 2. Assemble the gel holder. Wear gloves to clean the plates with methanol or 95% ethanol. Dry with Kimwipes. Assemble in a gel caster in the following order (for 2 gels): a). wax paper b). thick plastic plate c). thin, flexible plastic spacer plate d). white glass plate e). Gray plastic side spacer f). Clear glass plate g). thin, flexible plastic spacer plate h). Repeat 4-7, then clamp sides. 3. Add 0.12 ml of 10% ammonium persulfate solution and 12µl of TEMED (kept at 4°C) to the acrylamide solution prepared above. The APS solution should not be more than 1 week old. 4. Pour the acrylamide solution into the gel holder to about 1 cm above the black mark. This black mark is 3 cm from the top of the plastic holder. Add 1/2 Pasteur pipet full of H 20 saturated butanol to each plate. 5. Wait at least 45 minutes for polymerization then rinse the top of the gels with distilled H 2 O These gels may be stored at room temperature for about 1 week in a sealed container with H 2 O soaked towels to avoid dessication of the gels. 6. Clamp in electrophoresis holder and rinse again with H 2 O, then blot the top of the gel with filter paper to remove excess H 2 O.